Indian National Movement pre-Gandhi
- elite domination - lawyer, professionals, WEMC
- absence of large scale mobilization
- focus on urban areas
- constitutional methods (prayers & petitions)
- elite nature of demands - greater council representation, ICS examination
- loyalty to british, SG w/in brit empire
- fissiparous tendencies
Gandhian style of movement
- ethical foundation
- fight against injustice & oppression
- twin values of truth & non violence to gain moral legitimacy
- fight against colonialism a moral duty to attain swaraj
- involve peasant, workers, women, illiterates
- simple methods: charkha, break salt laws to ease mass participation
- hindu muslim unity eg. Khilafat agenda
- Linked political independence to social (eg. Untouchability abolition) & economic (Khadi, gram swaraj)
- long term resilience to movement
- intl. recognition for his struggle eg. Dandi March
jawaharlal Nehru
The entry of Gandhi into the national movement changed the very character of the politics of our freedom.