Anti Defection
- ADR 2022 Study: avg. 2.3 year for disqualification decisions
- PRS 2023 Study:: 68% cases decided after MLA term ended
Joint Parliamentary Committee
- adhoc, NOT MENTIONED IN CONSTITUTION
- estd. by parliament thru motion to conduct thorough examination of specific subject or bill (under Rules of Procedure & Conduct of Business in LS & RS)
- no limit on number of members
- the motion specified member count, names, proportion, quorum, deadline etc
- motion can originate in any house, but needs concurrence of both
- members: from both houses, both opposition & ruling
- chaired by an LS member appt. by LS Speaker
- committee dissolved after completing its task/term
- recommendations are advisory
- purpose:
- gather evidence from experts, public bodies, individuals, interested parties
Zonal Council
High level statutory delierative bodies to promote interstate cooperation, resolve disputes, ensure coordinated socioeconomic planning among states & UT.
- Set up under PART III of States Reorganization Act 1956
- statutory bodies
- 5 zones in 1956
- NE council created later in 1971
Functions
- resolution of interstate boundary, linguistic disputes
- joint socio economic planning
- regional transport & inra connectivity
- water sharing, river valley coordination
- technical streening of key issues