PRAHAAR
by MHA
- india’s first ever national counter terrorism policy & strategy
7 pillars of PRAHAAR
- Prevention of terror attacks
- Responses swift & proportionate to threat posed
- Aggregating internal Capacities in whole of government approach
- Human rights & rule of law based process
- Attenuating conditions conducive to terrorism
- Aligning & shaping intl. efforts
- Recovery & resilience thru whole of society approach
Significance of PRAHAAR
- structured national framework to address evolving & complex security threats
- reiterates zero tolerance approach to terrorism
- support for victims
- address persistent & emerging challenges
- emphasizes intelligence led operations
- focus on strengthening institutional capacity
- preventive & corrective measures to address radicalization
Types of terrorism
- cyber
- ideology oriented eg. LWE
- narco terrorism
- ethno nationalist
- nuclear
- bioterrorism
Counter terrorism measures
- UAPA 1967
- NIA 2008
- Combating Financing of Terrorism Cell - MHA 2011
- Counter Terrorism & Counter Radicalization Division MHA
Emerging Challenges
- global terror networks with sleeper cells
- technology exploitation: dark web, encrypted communication, social media, crypto
- CBRNED Material Access
- chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, explosive
- terror financing thru hawala, narcotics, illicit activities funding
Integrated Theatre Command
Unified command of tri service personnel under single operational commander. Used in Operation Sindoor.
Benefits
- operational efficiency, seamless operation
- greater offensive & defensive credibilities
- rationalizing command structure
- resource optimization, cost effectiveness
- ability to take swift action against threats
- eg. Project Akashteer
- intelligence integration, data sharing for better decision taking across services
- digitization, data centric warfare
Challenges
- institutional resistance due to inter service rivalry, disagreements
- inadequate clarity over command structure, role of individual services
- perception of army dominance
- differing organizational ethos
- specialized training to operate from within a single command and control center
- insufficienct join training platforms
- lack of operational readiness, lack of tech
- career path uncertainty among soldiers
Sir B.H. Liddell Hart
The only thing harder than getting a new idea into the military mind is to get the old one out.
Split problem in defence partnerships with other countries
India: sees defence partnerships as a way to get technology transferred to india, to spur domestic production and reduce reliance on imported products
Other countries - see defence tech as intellectual products which they want to sell continually, hence not wanting tech transfer.
Rotating Detonation Engine
- by indian defence startup D-Propulse, demonstrated to DRDO
- can potentially offer 10-25% higher thermodynamic efficiency than conventional combustion engine
- uses continuously propagating detonation waves to generate thrust