PLFS 2025 Highlights

  • overall LPFR: 59%
    • male: 79%
    • female: 40%
    • rural: 62%
    • urban: 52%
  • Why not participating?
    • 69% male - continuation of study
    • 44.4% female - childcare, household
  • improved earnings
    • 5.8% inc in earning in regular salaried jobs for males
    • 7.2% for female

Labour Codes

Why reforms in labour codes?

  • simplifying compliance
    • need highlighted by 2nd National Commission on Labour
  • modernizing archaic, colonial era laws
  • universal coverage gap
  • addressing new work forms
    • inter state migrant worker
    • gig / platform worker

Issues with recent labour reforms

  • failure to deliver promised wage hikes
    • revision to minimum wages have not materialized
  • delayed operationalization of provisions
  • higher layoff threshold
  • stringent strike conditions
  • unevent state level notifications