- transformed societies from feudal agrarian to capitalist industrialized
- origin: Britain
- handcrafted prod → mechanized manufacturing
- reshaped social, economic structures
Causes of Industrial Revolution in Britain
- surplus wealth with capitalists
- population growth
- banking & investment / finance institutions
- political will / state support
- agri in england → food self sufficient, population growth supported and they moved to cities for work → worker force
- inventions
- spinning jenny
- steam engine
- infra: ports, railways
Causes of IR in America
- Embargo Act of 1807
- prohibited american ships from leaving for foreign ports & prohibited foreign vessels from carrying american goods out of american ports
- Americans produced more of their own goods because they couldn’t access foreign goods
- natural resources: timber, water, metals, coal
- railorad
- Abundant labour
- Laissez faire politics
Causes of IR in France
Causes of IR in Germany
Causes of IR in Japan
Impacts of IR
Political
Social
Economical
IR Impact on India