Concept
- process by which child is inducted into culture of society
- process by which values are transmitted from one gen to another
Mechanism
- observation learning
- rewards & punishments
- role taking
- trail & error
Agencies
- family
- edu system
- peer group
- media
- religion
Mechanisms
Observation learning
- learning by watching others
- thru social role models eg parents teacher, friend
- eg reflection of parents’ behaviour on children, hero/idol worship
- addiction among children wrt gadgets
Rewards & punishments
- attaching rewards/punishments to different actions of individuals
- glorification of disapproved behaviour has led to creation of morally corrupt society
- sanskritization of corruption is concept by kashik basu, where ppl blindly imitate culture of corruption to improve economic status in society and it exists due to lack of punishment given to corrupt ppl
Role taking
- imagining and visualizing oneself as someone else and acting like them
- individual able to understand feelings of others
- eg. Initiative taken in Ghatpatila by Malbika Khatua (BDO) wrt SBM
- Rang de Basanti movie
- children participating in plays on 26 jan or 15 aug for patriotism
Trial and error
- learn through experiences
- Chanakya: Life is too short to learn from your own mistakes, hence wise person is one who learns from mistakes of others
Agencies of socialization
Family
- informal
- imp role in ensuring value concensus by socializing children in formative years wrt value system of soc
- values: kindness, love, sacrifice, delayed gratification
Style of parenting
- Autocratic
- parents impose value system
- restrict autonomy of children
- power distance large
- child either too compliant or too hostile
- values:
- Complaint: lack of courage, responsibility assumption, confidence, inability to make decision
- Hostile: hypocritical, self centred, identifying with anti social elements high
- Democratic
- communication characterized by rationality
- rel based on mutual trust, respect, openness, receptivity to feedback
- parents exhibit patience and tolerance
- +ve reinforcement of display of desirable behaviour
- values:
- rationality, flexibility, confidence, patience
- Permissive
- too much freedom
- incompatible with physical survival of child
- apathy, neglect, lack of courage, isolation, intimidation
Mohd Yunus: Tech is value neutral. Whether it is boon or bane depends on use of it.
Education
Role of Mother
Secure
- mothering is consistent
- rel. b/w mother & child characterized by mutual trust of respect
- mothers act as rational role model of children
- values: rationality, courage, wisdom, achievement
- Abraham Lincon: Who I am today and whatever I will be tomorrow I owe this to my angel mother.
- TODO: prepare 5 personalities who’s mother played imp role
Insecure
- mother inpervious to need of chield
- neglect, apathy
- excessive indulgence
- values:
- display of bold behaviour
- lack of rationality
- apathy, indifference
- delinquent behaviour
Role of Father
- socialization by both father & mother extremely imp for development of child, esp in first 1000 days
- values: responsibility, dedication, timeliness, leadership, decision making
- boys learn gender appropriate behaviour
- girls learn to make heterosexual adjustments from father
- eg. role of father in Phogat sisters, Gunjan Saxena
Education as agency of socialization
- formal agency of socialization
- platform for children to interact with those who are NOT family
- link b/w family & society and prepared children for role in adulthood
- values: confidence, courage, brotherhood, achievement, orientation, tolerance
- role of:
- teachers
- content
- co-curricular activities
Role of teachers
- role model
- influence value system in most impressionable age
- observation learning, conditioning, role taking to socialize the child
Influence in socialization
- correcting stereotype through unbiased treatment
- however, even teacher can be biased
- eg. beating child due to caste discrimantion
- judging someone’s character based on gender
- influences pattern of self attribution
- eg. child largely perceived themselves depending upon kind of socialization provided by teachers
- hence one should never attach any label to any individual as it is difficult to dissociate from them
- influence value system of children by walking the talk
- commitment, hardwork, compassion, punctuality, patience
- positively influence learning outcome of child by promoting activity based learning
- Benjamin Franklin: “You tell me, I’ll forget. You teach me, I may remember. You involve me, I will learn.” (NEP: concept of experiential learning)
- role of chanakya in life of chandragupta maurya
- savitribai puhle, wrt girl edu
- ramakant archrekar wrt Sachin Tendulkar
- late Sampat Kumar, in life of Mitali Raj: “A teacher is one who dreams your dream and helps you turn them into reality.”
Q. “If a country is to be corruption-free, and become a nation of beautiful minds, I strongly feel there are three key societal members who can make the difference - Father, Mother and Teacher.” - Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam. What do you mean by the statement? Discuss with examples.
Role of Content
- content be driven by scientific temper w/o any ideological coloration
- eg. fairy tales glorify ‘damsel in distress’ image
- elementary school, stories glorify sexual DoL
- illustrating fair as beautiful, ugly as dark
- Karnataka introducing gender neutral images in textbooks to challenge traditional gender roles
- culture specific inputs should be given so that they facilitate integration of child into cultural fabric of society
- eg. elementary education in mother tongue
- vocational training at primary level (NEP 2020)
- inculcating values through storytelling from respective cultures
- convergence between text and context to promote application based learning
- outcome based learning be promoted
- 360 degree holistic assessment to ensure development of critical thinking, emotional intelligence, social skills
- self assessment, P2P assessment, teacher student assessment etc
- Pratham ASER every year highlights poor learning outcomes
Role of co-curricular activities
- values: communication skills, confidence, humility, cooperation, sportsmanship, leadership, courage for risks, responsibility assumption, tolerance, time mgmt, never give up attitude
- shapes personality in comprehensive manner
- society culture however, doesn’t promote co curricular activities, hence attitudinal change is need of hour
Q. “Education in what remains after one has forgotten what one has learnt in school.” What do you mean by statement? Discuss with examples.
Value Based Education
- generalized preferences enabling us to lead certain kind of life
- developed through process of socialization
- one of the agencies of socialization is education
- inculcate wisdom (knowledge + morality), courage, justice, tolerance, integrity
- Aristotle: educating the mind w/o educating the heart is no education at all
- GandhiJi: literary education is of no use if it fails to build a sound character
- CS Lewis: education w/o values no matter how useful it is, tends to create a clever devil
Role of Peer Group
- interaction among co-equals
- extremely imp during adolescence, especially in absence of democratic parenting
- minimal power distance
- shape life goals, occupational goals, behavioral patters
- if negative, lead to anticipatory socialization
- indulge in disapproved behaviour
- consumerism, bullying, gaming disorder
- due to lack of experience, may not be able to give right guidance, hence gap needs to be filled by other agencies of socialization
Role of media
- Neither bow & arrow not sword do you require; publish a newspaper when faced with canon fire.
- channel of communication that helps in disseminating ideas, information, education, entertainment
- different types of media
- print media
- broadcasting media
- social media
- outdoor media
Influences process of socialization in following manner:
- topic for discussion
- awareness about issues eg. UCC, violence against women
- platform for 3D
- deliberation, debate, dissent
- enable citizen to develop holistic perspective on any issue
- shaping beliefs, attitude, behaviour, thru cinema
- objectification, commodification of women through cinema
- fair and lovely advertisement
- glorification of negative character
- eg. bike theft post release of Dhoom
- normalization/ trivialization of criminal activity, through cinema (adultery, abusive relationship, toxic masculinitiy)
- What society obscures, cinema reflects.
- vicarious reinforcement (does it reward psychophants or integrity driven ppl?)
- determines destiny of any nation
- thus, should act as fourth pillar of democracy in both letter and spirit
Social Media Impact
Positive impact
- social capital => unity in diversity
- bring to light malpractices (eg. Adarsh Srivastava prevented girls in train traffik)
- grow cultural capital (awareness)
- participative, informed, active citizenry
- economic empowerment (creation of job)
- compassion (crowdfunding)
- democratization of culture
- information dissemination
- equality of opportunity, concerning edu availability, accessibility and affordability
- platform for creative expression
- vocal for local (eg. local brands using social media to advertize)
- social tolerance
- address social isolation, anxiety, esp. during COVID
- mobilization of masses for social cause
- sensitization of public, concerning issues like UCC, homosexuality, LGBTQ rights etc
Negative impact
- -ve impact on phy, mental health
- early digital presence leads to early attainment of mobile maturity age
- youth radicalization
- anonimity => divergent activity, eg. trolling, cyberbullying, deepfake
- echo chamber, one sided accentuation of reality, holistic perspective not developed
- procrastination
- emotionally charged divisive content, amplification
- impacts peace and harmony
- behavioral addiction to social media => lack of focus, anxiety, restlessness
- outsourced identity to technology
- seek validation from others concerning identity
- relative deprivation -> crime
- instant gratification
- FOMO
- depersonalization of social relationships (eg. celebrating imp days in virtual world rather than the real)
- self alienation
- media trials, privacy threats, westernization, promotion of secondary lifestyle
- -ve impact to cognitive development of individual
- hyper-relation (living in your own disneyland)
- objectification & commodification of individuals
- commercial exploitation of children via reels, vlogs
Political impact
Positive
- voice to voiceless
- platform for constructive dissent
- link b/w govt, citizen, estb. legitimacy of govt
- platform to provide policy inputs to govt
- drawing attention of govt towards issues overlooked by them
- transparency, accountability, overall good governance
Negative impact
- fake news
- paid propaganda
- hate speech
- manipulate voter behaviour
- aggravating identity politics
- polarization of youth based on ideology
Religion as agent of socialisation
- unified system of belief and practices related to sacred things which binds people into one single moral community
Role of religion
- harmony, solidarity, collectivism by rituals, ceremony, festival
- functional jointness in family despite sturctural disintegration
- sense of belongingness
- ethical dilemmas
- courage to manage misery, frustration
- accept life as divinely pre destined
- answering unanswered questions
- eg. proliferation of godmen, spiritual leaders etc even among upwardly mobile professional class, matters of life/death
- religious teachings shape goals of individual life
TODO: prepare contemporary relevance of teachings of buddhism, jain, sikh, etc
Bhagawad Gita
- Sthithpragnya (emotianal stability)
- needed in backdrop of growing anxiety, stress, anger, hate speech, intolerance, road rage
- Nishkam Karma
- enables individual to remain motivated in backdrop of increasing competition and pressure to be successful
- prioritize right over pleasure
- eg. corruption
- mcdonaldization of food habits
- consumerism
- addiction to gadgets
- endurance amidst adversity (never give up)
- eg. Yuvraj Singh
- Arunima Sinha: first amputee to climb everest
- J K Rowling
- savitri bai pule
- value your blessing
- always be grateful for what you have become because comparison is enemy of all happiness
- relevant in backdrop of social media penetration
- being good is the reward in itself
- end in itself, not a means
- cultivating honesty, kindness, integrity
- negative attitude is root cause of all problems
TODO: contemporary relevance of Gandhi’s 7 sins